GOATS: ISLA GUADALUPE - Revision history

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	'''Goats''' were introduced to Guadalupe Island by the early 19th century. Benjamin Morrell was on Guadalupe Island March 27, 1825-April 2, 1825. He writes:		'''Goats''' were introduced to Guadalupe Island by the early 19th century. Benjamin Morrell was on Guadalupe Island March 27, 1825-April 2, 1825. He writes:
	“...we arrived at the island of Guadalopue, in lat. 28° 56' N., long. 117° 41' W. ''March 27th''.— This island, which is situated about one hundred and eighty miles from the shore, on the western coast of North America, in the same latitude as New Orleans, is about twenty miles in circumference, and uninhabited. From unerring indications, there is no doubt that it has once been volcanic; it is very barren on its south end, but in the northern part there are several fertile valleys, and the mountains contain vegetation. Wood and water may be had here from a small cove on the north-east side of the island, and '''goat's flesh may be obtained for the trouble of shooting the animal.'''		: “...we arrived at the island of Guadalopue, in lat. 28° 56' N., long. 117° 41' W. ''March 27th''.— This island, which is situated about one hundred and eighty miles from the shore, on the western coast of North America, in the same latitude as New Orleans, is about twenty miles in circumference, and uninhabited. From unerring indications, there is no doubt that it has once been volcanic; it is very barren on its south end, but in the northern part there are several fertile valleys, and the mountains contain vegetation. Wood and water may be had here from a small cove on the north-east side of the island, and '''goat's flesh may be obtained for the trouble of shooting the animal.'''
	: The island is high, with bluff shores on the north and west sides, and may be seen from the mast-head, in clear weather, at the distance of fifteen leagues. The shores are free from dangers one-fourth of a mile from the island. The only anchorage is on the south-east side, in a small cove, formed by a few rocky islets that lie off in that direction. Here vessels may anchor in seven fathoms of water, sheltered from all winds, excepting from the south-east to east-north-east, which seldom blow here. We lay here three days, during which time we took a number of fur seals... ” [Morrell, Capt. Benjamin. '''A Narrative of Four Voyages, to the South sea, North and South Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and Southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean. From the year 1822 to 1831.''' New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841]		: The island is high, with bluff shores on the north and west sides, and may be seen from the mast-head, in clear weather, at the distance of fifteen leagues. The shores are free from dangers one-fourth of a mile from the island. The only anchorage is on the south-east side, in a small cove, formed by a few rocky islets that lie off in that direction. Here vessels may anchor in seven fathoms of water, sheltered from all winds, excepting from the south-east to east-north-east, which seldom blow here. We lay here three days, during which time we took a number of fur seals... ” [Morrell, Capt. Benjamin. '''A Narrative of Four Voyages, to the South sea, North and South Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and Southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean. From the year 1822 to 1831.''' New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841]

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	'''Goats''' were introduced to Guadalupe Island by the ~~mid-~~19th century.		'''Goats''' were introduced to Guadalupe Island by the early 19th century. Benjamin Morrell was on Guadalupe Island March 27, 1825-April 2, 1825. He writes:
			“...we arrived at the island of Guadalopue, in lat. 28° 56' N., long. 117° 41' W. ''March 27th''.— This island, which is situated about one hundred and eighty miles from the shore, on the western coast of North America, in the same latitude as New Orleans, is about twenty miles in circumference, and uninhabited. From unerring indications, there is no doubt that it has once been volcanic; it is very barren on its south end, but in the northern part there are several fertile valleys, and the mountains contain vegetation. Wood and water may be had here from a small cove on the north-east side of the island, and '''goat's flesh may be obtained for the trouble of shooting the animal.'''
			: The island is high, with bluff shores on the north and west sides, and may be seen from the mast-head, in clear weather, at the distance of fifteen leagues. The shores are free from dangers one-fourth of a mile from the island. The only anchorage is on the south-east side, in a small cove, formed by a few rocky islets that lie off in that direction. Here vessels may anchor in seven fathoms of water, sheltered from all winds, excepting from the south-east to east-north-east, which seldom blow here. We lay here three days, during which time we took a number of fur seals... ” [Morrell, Capt. Benjamin. '''A Narrative of Four Voyages, to the South sea, North and South Pacific Ocean, Chinese Sea, Ethiopic and Southern Atlantic Ocean, Indian and Antarctic Ocean. From the year 1822 to 1831.''' New York: Harper & Brothers, 1841]


	In 1873 [[LANDRUM, William M.\|William M. Landrum]] was one of the incorporators and president of the Guadalupe Island Company, whose mission was to import and raise Angora goats on that Lower California island, and then to Guadalupe Island to improve the existing goats on the island. By 1874 it is said there were more than 20,000 goats on the island. By 1878 the number had risen to 60,000 goats.		In 1873 [[LANDRUM, William M.\|William M. Landrum]] was one of the incorporators and president of the Guadalupe Island Company, whose mission was to import and raise Angora goats on that Lower California island, and then to Guadalupe Island to improve the existing goats on the island. By 1874 it is said there were more than 20,000 goats on the island. By 1878 the number had risen to 60,000 goats.

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	* 1909 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']		* 1909 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']


			“The motor ship ''Gryme'' at municipal pier was laden with several hundred live wild goats. We watched them being unloaded. Four to six at each lift, were grappled by the horns with a hoisting contrivance of ropes, pulley-blocks, etc.—in other words, they were transported from the hold of the vessel to the docks, via the "block and Tackle" route. Each bunch of cud-chewers presented a sorry spectacle as they dangled in mid-air, with no apparent destination or clue on which to base hope for a much needed relief and their bulging glassy eyes seemed about ready to burst from their sockets. Thus suspended, these ruminant captives were jostled against one another's faces in such a manner as to appear comical. As their goatees seemed to frantically puncture each others eyes and ears it would have been difficult to determine whether their grimaces should be construed as exhibitions of resentment rather than tokens of affection through their osculatory medium, when their noses bumped together. This scene fills me with curiosity to learn more about these goats. It is said they were born on Guadalupe (Wadaloopy) Island. I understand the ''Gryme'' returns for another load in a day or two and if opportunity is given, I have decided to avail myself.” F. W. Jones

	* 1919, * [https://ia800700.us.archive.org/25/items/modernmontecrist00jone/modernmontecrist00jone.pdf '''A Modern Monte Cristo and his island. A romantic Glimpse into Goatology'' '''by Frederic Wood Jones (1879-1954)] Gateway Publishing Company, Beaumont, California 1919.		* 1919, * [https://ia800700.us.archive.org/25/items/modernmontecrist00jone/modernmontecrist00jone.pdf '''A Modern Monte Cristo and his island. A romantic Glimpse into Goatology'' '''by Frederic Wood Jones (1879-1954)] Gateway Publishing Company, Beaumont, California 1919.

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	In 1873 [[LANDRUM, William M.\|William M. Landrum]] was one of the incorporators and president of the Guadalupe Island Company, whose mission was to import and raise Angora goats on that Lower California island, and then to Guadalupe Island to improve the existing goats on the island. By 1874 it is said there were more than 20,000 goats on the island. By 1878 the number had risen to 60,000 goats.		In 1873 [[LANDRUM, William M.\|William M. Landrum]] was one of the incorporators and president of the Guadalupe Island Company, whose mission was to import and raise Angora goats on that Lower California island, and then to Guadalupe Island to improve the existing goats on the island. By 1874 it is said there were more than 20,000 goats on the island. By 1878 the number had risen to 60,000 goats.

	Several concessions and ventures continued the goat enterprise into the 20th century.		Several concessions and ventures continued the goat enterprise into the 20th century. In 1919 the motor ship ''[[Gryme]]'' was used to remove goats over sevearal trips.

	After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.		After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.


	[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']		* 1909 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']

	[https://archive.org/~~details~~/modernmontecrist00jone/~~page/n9 * 1919. JONES, Frederic W~~. ''A Modern Monte ~~Christo~~ and ~~His Island~~. A ~~Romantic~~ Glimpse ~~Into~~ Goatology'']
			* 1919, * [https://ia800700.us.archive.org/25/items/modernmontecrist00jone/modernmontecrist00jone.pdf '''A Modern Monte Cristo and his island. A romantic Glimpse into Goatology'' '''by Frederic Wood Jones (1879-1954)] Gateway Publishing Company, Beaumont, California 1919.
			:: A story of goat removal from Isla Guadalupe in 1919 aboard the vessel ''Gryme''. Author F. W. Jones was a British observational naturalist, enbryologist, anatomist and anthropologist. He spent considerable time in Australia.


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	'''October 13, 1910 [LAH]:''' “The launch ''Virginia'' has been chartered by A. Marcussen of Anaheim to take supplies to Guadalupe Island, off the coast of lower California. Marcussen has a concession from the Mexican government and has the island stocked with goats.”		'''October 13, 1910 [LAH]:''' “The launch ''Virginia'' has been chartered by A. Marcussen of Anaheim to take supplies to Guadalupe Island, off the coast of lower California. Marcussen has a concession from the Mexican government and has the island stocked with goats.”


			'''May 17, 1919 [SD Union and Daily Bee]:''' “Shipment of goats to start next month. Shipment of goats from Guadalupe islands to this port will begin early next month, according to George Beermaker, local shipping man. The motor ship ''Gryme'', which has been on the San Diego-Ensenada run, will furnish the transportation for the animals, which run practically wild on the island. Last year the ''Gryme'' brought in several thousand goats, which were used for food purposes. ”


			'''June 19, 1919 [Riverside Daily Press]:''' “War is declared on grasshoppers... While farmers of this region are keeping a weather eye on the north, some 75,000 wild goats on Guadalupe Island, 175 miles south of San Diego, are carrying on a life-and-death fight with millions of hoppers—life for the insects and death for the goats. Officers of the motor ship ''Gryme'', that landed at San Diego yesterday, stated the hoppers have eaten practically every bit of vegetation on Guadalupe and all the goats will literally starve to death unless steps are soon taken by the Mexican government to feed them. The vessel took on a large number of goats on leaving the island for the north, but many died on the way and only 395 were brought back to port. Natives say the swarm of grass hoppers is the first that has visited Guadalupe in more than 50 years. The island is some 100 miles from the Lower California coast, and is 20 miles long and eight wide. The goats that abound there are said to be the offspring of animals left many years ago by Spanish priests.”


			'''June 24, 1919 [LA Evening Express]:''' “75,000 goats to be brought to mainland. San Diego, June 24.—Plans for transporting in lots of several hundred each the 75,000 goats from Guadalupe Island to San Diego to avert starvation of this immense herd, have been completed. It was announced that these goats will be brought here as rapidly as possible on the motor ship ''Gryme.'' The animals are facing starvation on Guadalupe as a result of the devastation on the island created by millions of locusts. So far as known the Mexican government is making no arrangements to feed the herd on the island.”

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	'''June 20, 1910 [LAT]:''' Family Rescued. Mr. and Mrs. Pat Sumner, their two-year-old child, and A. Marcuson, members of the crew of the small schooner ''May'', shipwrecked off Guadalupe Island, three weeks ago, reached San Diego yesterday evening, on their way to their home in Los Angeles. They tell harrowing tales of their experience while marooned on the island. With scarcely any food the Sumners and Marcuson remained on the island while a Mexican deck-hand and a small boy rowed to San Quintin. They were six days crossing the channel in the small boat. A launch was fitted up at San Quintin with which a rescuing party went to the aid of those shipwrecked. From San Quintin they made the trip overland t Ensenada, coming to San Diego by boat.”		'''June 20, 1910 [LAT]:''' Family Rescued. Mr. and Mrs. Pat Sumner, their two-year-old child, and A. Marcuson, members of the crew of the small schooner ''May'', shipwrecked off Guadalupe Island, three weeks ago, reached San Diego yesterday evening, on their way to their home in Los Angeles. They tell harrowing tales of their experience while marooned on the island. With scarcely any food the Sumners and Marcuson remained on the island while a Mexican deck-hand and a small boy rowed to San Quintin. They were six days crossing the channel in the small boat. A launch was fitted up at San Quintin with which a rescuing party went to the aid of those shipwrecked. From San Quintin they made the trip overland to Ensenada, coming to San Diego by boat.”

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	'''April 8, 1910 [LAH]:''' “Brady Leases Island. The power schooner ''May'' returned today from Guadalupe Island in command of her owner, Captain Marousen of Long Beach. Marousen held a lease from the Mexican government on the island with "Jap" Brady of Downey, to whom he has sold his concession. The island is about 200 miles southeast of Ensenada and is about eighteen miles long and five miles wide at the broadest point with an area about the same as Catalina. There are said to be at least 80,000 wild goats on the island. Brandy plans to kill off the goats and restock the island with sheep.”		'''April 8, 1910 [LAH]:''' “Brady Leases Island. The power schooner ''May'' returned today from Guadalupe Island in command of her owner, Captain Marousen [Marcussen] of Long Beach. Marousen [Marcussen] held a lease from the Mexican government on the island with "Jap" Brady of Downey, to whom he has sold his concession. The island is about 200 miles southeast of Ensenada and is about eighteen miles long and five miles wide at the broadest point with an area about the same as Catalina. There are said to be at least 80,000 wild goats on the island. Brandy plans to kill off the goats and restock the island with sheep.”


	'''May 1, 1910 [LAH]: “Will Kill 10,000 Goats. The power schooner ''May'', Captain Edrington, is loading supplies today for Guadalupe Island, 150 miles south of Ensenada, and will sail Monday with twenty-five hands. The party expects to slaughter 10,000 goats on the island and bring back the dried meat, pelts and tallow. Two hundred cases for the tallow are being taken down, and the product will be returned to a Los Angeles soap factory. The expedition is being outfitted by A. Marcussen of Anaheim, who owns the concession on the island granted by the Mexican government. He recently made a deal to sell the concession to parties who intended to kill off the goats and stock the island with sheep, but the sale fell through.”		'''May 1, 1910 [LAH]:''' “Will Kill 10,000 Goats. The power schooner ''May'', Captain Edrington, is loading supplies today for Guadalupe Island, 150 miles south of Ensenada, and will sail Monday with twenty-five hands. The party expects to slaughter 10,000 goats on the island and bring back the dried meat, pelts and tallow. Two hundred cases for the tallow are being taken down, and the product will be returned to a Los Angeles soap factory. The expedition is being outfitted by A. Marcussen of Anaheim, who owns the concession on the island granted by the Mexican government. He recently made a deal to sell the concession to parties who intended to kill off the goats and stock the island with sheep, but the sale fell through.”


			'''May 3, 1910 [LAH]:''' “The power schooner ''May'', Capt. Edgerton, has sailed for Guadalupe Island, Mexico, with supplies for A. Marcussen, who expects to kill wild goats for their meat and tallow under concessions from the Mexican government.”


			'''June 4, 1910 [Salt Lake Telegram]:''' “Woman and Child Are Left Alone On Guadalupe Island. Husband goes 150 miles to mainland in small boat for help. San Diego, Cal., June 4.— Leaving a woman and child on Guadalupe Island, 150 miles off San Quintin, Lower California, A. Marcussen of Los Angeles and a companion, the latter the husband of the woman, arrived at San Quintin yesterday after having been at the mercy of the wind and waves for six days in an open boat and with little food and water. This information was brought by the steamer ''San Diego'', which arrived here yesterday from Ensenada, Lower California.”


			'''June 20, 1910 [LAT]:''' Family Rescued. Mr. and Mrs. Pat Sumner, their two-year-old child, and A. Marcuson, members of the crew of the small schooner ''May'', shipwrecked off Guadalupe Island, three weeks ago, reached San Diego yesterday evening, on their way to their home in Los Angeles. They tell harrowing tales of their experience while marooned on the island. With scarcely any food the Sumners and Marcuson remained on the island while a Mexican deck-hand and a small boy rowed to San Quintin. They were six days crossing the channel in the small boat. A launch was fitted up at San Quintin with which a rescuing party went to the aid of those shipwrecked. From San Quintin they made the trip overland t Ensenada, coming to San Diego by boat.”


			'''October 13, 1910 [LAH]:''' “The launch ''Virginia'' has been chartered by A. Marcussen of Anaheim to take supplies to Guadalupe Island, off the coast of lower California. Marcussen has a concession from the Mexican government and has the island stocked with goats.”

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	'''January 27, 1905 [San Francisco Examiner]:''' “Lives on Wild Goat Meat for Over Two Months. San Franciscan with Party of Mexicans Runs Out of Provisions on Island—He thinks He Escaped Cannibalism. San Diego, January 26.—After existing for more than eight weeks on a diet of goat meat on the barren island of Guadalupe, R. P. Weaver of San Francisco is now in San Diego recuperating before returning home. N. J. Weaver, the father of the young man, has a concession from the Mexican Government to slaughter goats on the island, which is one hundred miles off the coast of Lower California. The nearest place on the mainland is a mining camp named San [Quinten [sic], which is several hundred miles below the line. Four months ago young Weaver was landed on the island with five Mexicans to kill goats. Eight weeks ago their provisions ran out. They had no boat with which to reach the mainland and no craft is in the habit of calling at the island. Goats were the only thing the party could get to eat. The goats were a considerable distance from the camp, and are very wild. It was necessary to make long pilgrimages from camp in order to kill a goat. To make matters worse Weaver's supply of cartridges gave out, and he was compelled to use a shotgun. This necessitated him getting lose to the goats before killing. A goat every day was required to feed the men three meals a day. At one time the Mexicans mutinied and Weaver was forced to threaten to shoot them unless they quieted down. Weaver and his party were rescued by the steamer ''St. Denis'' which was passing near the island. When rescued Weaver was at work building a boat with which he hoped to reach the mainland. Weaver believes that rescue came in the nick of time, as he had only a few charges of powder and shot left and would have been unable to kill more than enough food to last a few days. He believes that the Mexicans would have resorted to cannibalism and that he would have been the first victim.”		'''January 27, 1905 [San Francisco Examiner]:''' “Lives on Wild Goat Meat for Over Two Months. San Franciscan with Party of Mexicans Runs Out of Provisions on Island—He thinks He Escaped Cannibalism. San Diego, January 26.—After existing for more than eight weeks on a diet of goat meat on the barren island of Guadalupe, R. P. Weaver of San Francisco is now in San Diego recuperating before returning home. N. J. Weaver, the father of the young man, has a concession from the Mexican Government to slaughter goats on the island, which is one hundred miles off the coast of Lower California. The nearest place on the mainland is a mining camp named San [Quinten [sic], which is several hundred miles below the line. Four months ago young Weaver was landed on the island with five Mexicans to kill goats. Eight weeks ago their provisions ran out. They had no boat with which to reach the mainland and no craft is in the habit of calling at the island. Goats were the only thing the party could get to eat. The goats were a considerable distance from the camp, and are very wild. It was necessary to make long pilgrimages from camp in order to kill a goat. To make matters worse Weaver's supply of cartridges gave out, and he was compelled to use a shotgun. This necessitated him getting lose to the goats before killing. A goat every day was required to feed the men three meals a day. At one time the Mexicans mutinied and Weaver was forced to threaten to shoot them unless they quieted down. Weaver and his party were rescued by the steamer ''St. Denis'' which was passing near the island. When rescued Weaver was at work building a boat with which he hoped to reach the mainland. Weaver believes that rescue came in the nick of time, as he had only a few charges of powder and shot left and would have been unable to kill more than enough food to last a few days. He believes that the Mexicans would have resorted to cannibalism and that he would have been the first victim.”


			'''April 8, 1910 [LAH]:''' “Brady Leases Island. The power schooner ''May'' returned today from Guadalupe Island in command of her owner, Captain Marousen of Long Beach. Marousen held a lease from the Mexican government on the island with "Jap" Brady of Downey, to whom he has sold his concession. The island is about 200 miles southeast of Ensenada and is about eighteen miles long and five miles wide at the broadest point with an area about the same as Catalina. There are said to be at least 80,000 wild goats on the island. Brandy plans to kill off the goats and restock the island with sheep.”


			'''May 1, 1910 [LAH]: “Will Kill 10,000 Goats. The power schooner ''May'', Captain Edrington, is loading supplies today for Guadalupe Island, 150 miles south of Ensenada, and will sail Monday with twenty-five hands. The party expects to slaughter 10,000 goats on the island and bring back the dried meat, pelts and tallow. Two hundred cases for the tallow are being taken down, and the product will be returned to a Los Angeles soap factory. The expedition is being outfitted by A. Marcussen of Anaheim, who owns the concession on the island granted by the Mexican government. He recently made a deal to sell the concession to parties who intended to kill off the goats and stock the island with sheep, but the sale fell through.”

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	'''October 10, 1904 [LAT]:''' “Sheep. Vice. Goats. N. J. Weaver, owner of the concession of the Guadalupe Islands, off the coast of Lower California, which allows him to dispose of the thousands of wild goats on the islands with sheep, going into the business on a large scale. The goats are of no value for breeding purposes, the principal item of their worth being the hides and tallow. As the islands will support as many sheep as goats, and sheep are more profitable, Mr. Weaver thinks he will do well in making the change.”		'''October 10, 1904 [LAT]:''' “Sheep. Vice. Goats. N. J. Weaver, owner of the concession of the Guadalupe Islands, off the coast of Lower California, which allows him to dispose of the thousands of wild goats on the islands with sheep, going into the business on a large scale. The goats are of no value for breeding purposes, the principal item of their worth being the hides and tallow. As the islands will support as many sheep as goats, and sheep are more profitable, Mr. Weaver thinks he will do well in making the change.”


			'''January 27, 1905 [San Francisco Examiner]:''' “Lives on Wild Goat Meat for Over Two Months. San Franciscan with Party of Mexicans Runs Out of Provisions on Island—He thinks He Escaped Cannibalism. San Diego, January 26.—After existing for more than eight weeks on a diet of goat meat on the barren island of Guadalupe, R. P. Weaver of San Francisco is now in San Diego recuperating before returning home. N. J. Weaver, the father of the young man, has a concession from the Mexican Government to slaughter goats on the island, which is one hundred miles off the coast of Lower California. The nearest place on the mainland is a mining camp named San [Quinten [sic], which is several hundred miles below the line. Four months ago young Weaver was landed on the island with five Mexicans to kill goats. Eight weeks ago their provisions ran out. They had no boat with which to reach the mainland and no craft is in the habit of calling at the island. Goats were the only thing the party could get to eat. The goats were a considerable distance from the camp, and are very wild. It was necessary to make long pilgrimages from camp in order to kill a goat. To make matters worse Weaver's supply of cartridges gave out, and he was compelled to use a shotgun. This necessitated him getting lose to the goats before killing. A goat every day was required to feed the men three meals a day. At one time the Mexicans mutinied and Weaver was forced to threaten to shoot them unless they quieted down. Weaver and his party were rescued by the steamer ''St. Denis'' which was passing near the island. When rescued Weaver was at work building a boat with which he hoped to reach the mainland. Weaver believes that rescue came in the nick of time, as he had only a few charges of powder and shot left and would have been unable to kill more than enough food to last a few days. He believes that the Mexicans would have resorted to cannibalism and that he would have been the first victim.”

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	After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.		After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.


	[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']		[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']


	[https://archive.org/details/modernmontecrist00jone/page/n9 * 1919. JONES, Frederic W. ''A Modern Monte Christo and His Island. A Romantic Glimpse Into Goatology'']		[https://archive.org/details/modernmontecrist00jone/page/n9 * 1919. JONES, Frederic W. ''A Modern Monte Christo and His Island. A Romantic Glimpse Into Goatology'']

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	After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.		After a concerted eradication program, the goats were removed from the island by about 2005. Vegetation has been recovering ever since.

			[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510028021528;view=1up;seq=465 * 1909. WEAVER, Robert S. ''The Castaways of Guadalupe island'']