TAXIDERMISTS - Revision history

MDaily at 01:23, 11 January 2022

2022-01-11T01:23:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:23, 11 January 2022
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	Many of the early collectors on the California Islands also were taxidermists, and ~~many~~ died of apparent arsenic-related causes.		Many of the early collectors on the California Islands also were taxidermists, and several died of apparent arsenic-related causes.

	Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve and protect it from insects. From the 18th century to the late 20th century, arsenic compounds were commonly applied as a preservative to biological specimens and ethnographic objects, not only as insecticides, but also as herbicides, rodenticides, and antibiotics. Arsenic in the form of soap mixtures and sprays (arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite) was used to preserve bird and mammal skins and mounts. Arsenic was also used as a fixative in the preparation of wet specimens to control the growth of microorganisms. Arsenic compounds retain their toxicity, and once treated, objects containing arsenic can probably never be fully decontaminated. Following its application, arsenic tends to adhere strongly to hair and feathers. Sometimes the compounds may be visible as white powder. In general, the older the specimen, the greater the likelihood that arsenic will be present. Accordingly, curatorial staff must exercise precautions when handling		Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve and protect it from insects. From the 18th century to the late 20th century, arsenic compounds were commonly applied as a preservative to biological specimens and ethnographic objects, not only as insecticides, but also as herbicides, rodenticides, and antibiotics. Arsenic in the form of soap mixtures and sprays (arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite) was used to preserve bird and mammal skins and mounts. Arsenic was also used as a fixative in the preparation of wet specimens to control the growth of microorganisms. Arsenic compounds retain their toxicity, and once treated, objects containing arsenic can probably never be fully decontaminated. Following its application, arsenic tends to adhere strongly to hair and feathers. Sometimes the compounds may be visible as white powder. In general, the older the specimen, the greater the likelihood that arsenic will be present. Accordingly, curatorial staff must exercise precautions when handling

MDaily at 14:32, 20 April 2020

2020-04-20T14:32:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 20 April 2020
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	* [[GRUBER, Ferdinand\|Ferdinand Gruber]] died of cancer at age 77 (1829-1907)		* [[GRUBER, Ferdinand\|Ferdinand Gruber]] died of cancer at age 77 (1829-1907)

			* [[WARD, Rowland\|Rowland Ward]] famous British taxidermist died at age 64 (1848-1912)

	* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)		* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)

MDaily at 00:29, 11 January 2020

2020-01-11T00:29:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:29, 11 January 2020
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			Many of the early collectors on the California Islands also were taxidermists, and many died of apparent arsenic-related causes.

	Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve and protect it from insects. From the 18th century to the late 20th century, arsenic compounds were commonly applied as a preservative to biological specimens and ethnographic objects, not only as insecticides, but also as herbicides, rodenticides, and antibiotics. Arsenic in the form of soap mixtures and sprays (arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite) was used to preserve bird and mammal skins and mounts. Arsenic was also used as a fixative in the preparation of wet specimens to control the growth of microorganisms. Arsenic compounds retain their toxicity, and once treated, objects containing arsenic can probably never be fully decontaminated. Following its application, arsenic tends to adhere strongly to hair and feathers. Sometimes the compounds may be visible as white powder. In general, the older the specimen, the greater the likelihood that arsenic will be present. Accordingly, curatorial staff must exercise precautions when handling		Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve and protect it from insects. From the 18th century to the late 20th century, arsenic compounds were commonly applied as a preservative to biological specimens and ethnographic objects, not only as insecticides, but also as herbicides, rodenticides, and antibiotics. Arsenic in the form of soap mixtures and sprays (arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite) was used to preserve bird and mammal skins and mounts. Arsenic was also used as a fixative in the preparation of wet specimens to control the growth of microorganisms. Arsenic compounds retain their toxicity, and once treated, objects containing arsenic can probably never be fully decontaminated. Following its application, arsenic tends to adhere strongly to hair and feathers. Sometimes the compounds may be visible as white powder. In general, the older the specimen, the greater the likelihood that arsenic will be present. Accordingly, curatorial staff must exercise precautions when handling
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	Arsenic is now recognized as a toxic chemical when exposed to humid air. Those who prepared specimens historically were exposed to the chemical through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Organs infected include: stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. Short-term effects of arsenic exposure include weakness, headache, gastro-intestinal discomfort, changes in skin and nail texture and pigmentation, respiratory problems, coughing, irregular heart beat, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Long term effects include general abnormalities to the pigmentation of the skin and abnormalities to nails and skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is linked to nonmalignant respiratory diseases, numerous diseases of the nervous system, emphysema, kidney diseases, and many heart diseases. As a carcinogen it causes various cancers, including liver cancer, cancers of the reproductive organs, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Today, those who work with museum specimens protect themselves with a hazmat suit and a respirator when they deal with old taxidermy, taking care when they vacuum dust and debris from specimens.		Arsenic is now recognized as a toxic chemical when exposed to humid air. Those who prepared specimens historically were exposed to the chemical through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Organs infected include: stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. Short-term effects of arsenic exposure include weakness, headache, gastro-intestinal discomfort, changes in skin and nail texture and pigmentation, respiratory problems, coughing, irregular heart beat, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Long term effects include general abnormalities to the pigmentation of the skin and abnormalities to nails and skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is linked to nonmalignant respiratory diseases, numerous diseases of the nervous system, emphysema, kidney diseases, and many heart diseases. As a carcinogen it causes various cancers, including liver cancer, cancers of the reproductive organs, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Today, those who work with museum specimens protect themselves with a hazmat suit and a respirator when they deal with old taxidermy, taking care when they vacuum dust and debris from specimens.

	~~Many early taxidermists who worked with California islands specimens died of apparent arsenic-related causes. Taxidermists~~ who collected on the California Islands include:		TAXIDERMISTS who collected on the California Islands, in chronological order by birth year, include:


			* [[GRUBER, Ferdinand\|Ferdinand Gruber]] died of cancer at age 77 (1829-1907)

	* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)		* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)
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	* [[STREATOR, Clark Perkins\|Clark P. Streator]] died at age 84 (1866-1952)		* [[STREATOR, Clark Perkins\|Clark P. Streator]] died at age 84 (1866-1952)

			* [[BROWN, Wilmot W.\|Wilmot Wood Brown]] died at c. age 84 (1868-1953)

			* [[COLBURN, Albert Ernest\|Albert Ernest Colburn]] died at c. age 81 (1872-1953)

	* [[KIMBALL, Henry Hungerford\|Henry Hungeford Kimball]] died at age 68 (1876-1945)		* [[KIMBALL, Henry Hungerford\|Henry Hungeford Kimball]] died at age 68 (1876-1945)

MDaily at 00:19, 11 January 2020

2020-01-11T00:19:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:19, 11 January 2020
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	Arsenic is now recognized as a toxic chemical when exposed to humid air. Those who prepared specimens historically were exposed to the chemical through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Organs infected include: stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. Short-term effects of arsenic exposure include weakness, headache, gastro-intestinal discomfort, changes in skin and nail texture and pigmentation, respiratory problems, coughing, irregular heart beat, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Long term effects include general abnormalities to the pigmentation of the skin and abnormalities to nails and skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is linked to nonmalignant respiratory diseases, numerous diseases of the nervous system, emphysema, kidney diseases, and many heart diseases. As a carcinogen it causes various cancers, including liver cancer, cancers of the reproductive organs, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Today, those who work with museum specimens protect themselves with a hazmat suit and a respirator when they deal with old taxidermy, taking care when they vacuum dust and debris from specimens.		Arsenic is now recognized as a toxic chemical when exposed to humid air. Those who prepared specimens historically were exposed to the chemical through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Organs infected include: stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. Short-term effects of arsenic exposure include weakness, headache, gastro-intestinal discomfort, changes in skin and nail texture and pigmentation, respiratory problems, coughing, irregular heart beat, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Long term effects include general abnormalities to the pigmentation of the skin and abnormalities to nails and skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is linked to nonmalignant respiratory diseases, numerous diseases of the nervous system, emphysema, kidney diseases, and many heart diseases. As a carcinogen it causes various cancers, including liver cancer, cancers of the reproductive organs, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Today, those who work with museum specimens protect themselves with a hazmat suit and a respirator when they deal with old taxidermy, taking care when they vacuum dust and debris from specimens.

	Many early taxidermists who worked with California islands specimens died of apparent arsenic-related causes:		Many early taxidermists who worked with California islands specimens died of apparent arsenic-related causes. Taxidermists who collected on the California Islands include:



			* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)

			* [[WILDER, H. E. \|Harry Edward Wilder]] died at age 71 (1864-1936)

	* [[BRENINGER, George Frank\|George Frank Breninger]] died at age 40 (1865-1905)		* [[BRENINGER, George Frank\|George Frank Breninger]] died at age 40 (1865-1905)
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	* [[ROWLEY, John Stewart\| John Stewart Rowley]] died at age 62 (1866-1928)		* [[ROWLEY, John Stewart\| John Stewart Rowley]] died at age 62 (1866-1928)

			* [[STREATOR, Clark Perkins\|Clark P. Streator]] died at age 84 (1866-1952)

	* [[KIMBALL, Henry Hungerford\|Henry Hungeford Kimball]] died at age 68 (1876-1945)		* [[KIMBALL, Henry Hungerford\|Henry Hungeford Kimball]] died at age 68 (1876-1945)

			* [[SMITH, Franklin J.\|Franklin J. Smith]] died c. age 62 (1879-1942)

	* [[TOSE, Frank\|Frank Tose]] died at age 60 (1884-1944)		* [[TOSE, Frank\|Frank Tose]] died at age 60 (1884-1944)

	* [[WALKER, Lewis Wayne\| Lewis Wayne Walker]] died at age 66 (1905-1971)		* [[WALKER, Lewis Wayne\| Lewis Wayne Walker]] died at age 66 (1905-1971)

			* [[GREEN, Josiah Elton “Tony”\| J. E. "Tony" Green]] died at age 78 (1908-1986)

	* [[HORNUNG, John Albert \| John Albert Hornung]] died at age 58 (1872-1930)		* [[HORNUNG, John Albert \| John Albert Hornung]] died at age 58 (1872-1930)

MDaily at 00:04, 11 January 2020

2020-01-11T00:04:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 11 January 2020
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	* [[ROWLEY, John Stewart\| John Stewart Rowley]] died at age 62 (1866-1928)		* [[ROWLEY, John Stewart\| John Stewart Rowley]] died at age 62 (1866-1928)

			* [[KIMBALL, Henry Hungerford\|Henry Hungeford Kimball]] died at age 68 (1876-1945)

	* [[TOSE, Frank\|Frank Tose]] died at age 60 (1884-1944)		* [[TOSE, Frank\|Frank Tose]] died at age 60 (1884-1944)

MDaily at 16:13, 25 November 2019

2019-11-25T16:13:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 25 November 2019
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	* [[BRENINGER, George\|George Breninger]] died at age 40 (1865-1905)		* [[BRENINGER, George Frank\|George Frank Breninger]] died at age 40 (1865-1905)

	* [[PARKER, Charles Browning\| Charles Browning Parker]] died at age 57 (1866-1924)		* [[PARKER, Charles Browning\| Charles Browning Parker]] died at age 57 (1866-1924)

MDaily: Created page with " Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve..."

2019-11-25T16:12:24Z

Created page with " Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve..."

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Arsenic is a chemical element that can be found in soils, used in taxidermy since the 5th century BC. It was placed in the underside of the skin of an animal to help preserve and protect it from insects. From the 18th century to the late 20th century, arsenic compounds were commonly applied as a preservative to biological specimens and ethnographic objects, not only as insecticides, but also as herbicides, rodenticides, and antibiotics. Arsenic in the form of soap mixtures and sprays (arsenic trioxide and sodium arsenite) was used to preserve bird and mammal skins and mounts. Arsenic was also used as a fixative in the preparation of wet specimens to control the growth of microorganisms. Arsenic compounds retain their toxicity, and once treated, objects containing arsenic can probably never be fully decontaminated. Following its application, arsenic tends to adhere strongly to hair and feathers. Sometimes the compounds may be visible as white powder. In general, the older the specimen, the greater the likelihood that arsenic will be present. Accordingly, curatorial staff must exercise precautions when handling
biological specimens collected and prepared before the 1980s. (The use of arsenic in the field preparation of specimens and in some museum applications post-1980 has been documented.)

Arsenic is now recognized as a toxic chemical when exposed to humid air. Those who prepared specimens historically were exposed to the chemical through skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion. Organs infected include: stomach, liver, intestines, heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and nails. Short-term effects of arsenic exposure include weakness, headache, gastro-intestinal discomfort, changes in skin and nail texture and pigmentation, respiratory problems, coughing, irregular heart beat, breathing difficulty, and chest pain. Long term effects include general abnormalities to the pigmentation of the skin and abnormalities to nails and skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is linked to nonmalignant respiratory diseases, numerous diseases of the nervous system, emphysema, kidney diseases, and many heart diseases. As a carcinogen it causes various cancers, including liver cancer, cancers of the reproductive organs, skin cancer, and lung cancer. Today, those who work with museum specimens protect themselves with a hazmat suit and a respirator when they deal with old taxidermy, taking care when they vacuum dust and debris from specimens.

Many early taxidermists who worked with California islands specimens died of apparent arsenic-related causes:

* [[BRENINGER, George|George Breninger]] died at age 40 (1865-1905)

* [[PARKER, Charles Browning| Charles Browning Parker]] died at age 57 (1866-1924)

* [[ROWLEY, John Stewart| John Stewart Rowley]] died at age 62 (1866-1928)

* [[TOSE, Frank|Frank Tose]] died at age 60 (1884-1944)

* [[WALKER, Lewis Wayne| Lewis Wayne Walker]] died at age 66 (1905-1971)

* [[HORNUNG, John Albert | John Albert Hornung]] died at age 58 (1872-1930)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:32, 20 April 2020
Line 11:		Line 11:

	* [[GRUBER, Ferdinand\|Ferdinand Gruber]] died of cancer at age 77 (1829-1907)		* [[GRUBER, Ferdinand\|Ferdinand Gruber]] died of cancer at age 77 (1829-1907)

			* [[WARD, Rowland\|Rowland Ward]] famous British taxidermist died at age 64 (1848-1912)

	* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)		* [[TOWNSEND, Charles Haskins\|Charles Haskins Townsend]] died at age 84 (1859-1944)